Archive for the 'Program' Category



Monitoring ocean acidification on the Great Barrier Reef

wakmatha-rio-tinto-ocean-acidification-2We’re monitoring the response of the Great Barrier Reef to changes in water chemistry, including ocean acidity, and other stressors such as warming.

The Challenge

Ocean acidification: As the ocean absorbs greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, ocean acidity increases. Ocean acidification has the potential to reduce coral growth and weaken reef structures, threatening the diverse marine life that make up reef ecosystems. This may have serious implications for Australia’s iconic Great Barrier Reef.

To protect the Reef we need to understand how factors like water chemistry, including ocean acidity levels, can influence the growth of corals and other organisms across its many different habitats.

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Investigating ocean acidification

Photo credit: D. Allen (NIWA)

Photo credit: D. Allen (NIWA)

Ocean acidification – caused by increases in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere – is having detrimental effects on marine life globally. This feature investigates the causes of ocean acidification, its effect on New Zealand’s oceans and New Zealand’s efforts to monitor this complex issue.

The world’s oceans are acidifying as a result of the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by humanity.

A report by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity last year noted that the ocean’s pH, a measure of acidity, had decreased by 26 per cent since the start of the industrial revolution, mirroring the proportion of manmade CO2 emissions that the oceans absorb from the air.

Globally the oceans’ average pH is currently 8.1, which is 0.1 lower than it was 250 years ago. This may not sound significant, but the pH scale is logarithmic, so a decrease of one pH unit represents a 10-fold increase in the acidity. What’s worse, this decline in pH is projected to continue in line with the increase in atmospheric CO2, leading to the most rapid decrease in ocean pH in the past 50 million years.

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Les enjeux environnementaux de la conchyliculture (excerpts, in French)

La France accueille et préside actuellement la 21ème Conférence des parties de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (COP21) afin d’aboutir à un nouvel accord international sur le climat.

Dans ce contexte, le Comité National de la Conchyliculture (CNC) souhaite mettre met l’accent sur les enjeux environnementaux d’un secteur socio-économique important et structurant du littoral français et européen. Les ressources, les activités et la compétitivité de la conchyliculture dépendent du bon état des écosystèmes. Elles sont impactées par les effets du changement climatique. Une meilleure prise en compte de l’évolution du climat et ses conséquences pour les ressources côtières et l’aquaculture est indispensable.

L’acidification des océans: quels impacts?

L’acidification de l’océan est la diminution progressive de son pH. Elle est la conséquence de l’augmentation des émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) dans l’atmosphère qui est ensuite absorbé par les eaux marines les rendant plus acides.

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AOML establishes new sites to monitor ocean acidification in Gulf of Mexico

Photo credit: NOAA

Photo credit: NOAA

AOML’s Acidification, Climate, and Coral Reef Ecosystems Team (ACCRETE) traveled to two remote reef locations this summer to expand the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program’s (NCRMP) network of sentinel climate and ocean acidification monitoring sites. The newly established sites, located in the Flower Garden Banks and the Dry Tortugas, will provide the team of coral scientists with additional datasets and insight on changing ocean chemistry and the progression of ocean acidification, as well as the ecological impacts of these variables, across the Caribbean basin and the Gulf of Mexico.

Both sentinel sites are located in remote regions of the Gulf of Mexico, providing scientists with important data on reefs that experience few impacts from other man-made stressors, such as overfishing and pollution from land. In addition to long-term physical and chemical monitoring, scientists will closely monitor the ecosystem impacts of ocean acidification at the sites. These impacts include ecosystem and species-specific calcification rates, calcium carbonate budgets, and rates of bioerosion, or the removal of calcium carbonate structures by living organisms.

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The Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES Programme “A biogeochemical and tracer study of a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean”, 10 July – 1 October 2015

The Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES Programme “A biogeochemical and tracer study of a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean” consists of 2 cruises on board the CCGS Amundsen, spanning between 10 July and 1 October 2015. Around 45 mostly Canadian scientists will be on board of the cruises. The first cruise (Leg 2) will depart from Quebec City (Quebec, Canada) on 10 July to undertake an integrated oceanographic transect in the Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. This first cruise will return to port on 21 August, in Kugluktuk (Nunavut, Canada). The second cruise (Leg 3b) will explore mainly the Beaufort Sea, departing from Sachs Harbour (Northwest Territories, Canada) on 4 September 2015 and returning to port in Resolute (Nunavut, Canada).

The Arctic marine system is undergoing rapid change as a result of climate-driven alterations in sea ice cover and surface ocean circulation, which in turn can strongly influence biological productivity, air-sea exchange of climate-active gases (e.g. CO2) and the distribution of contaminants (e.g. mercury, lead). Against this background of climate-driven changes, there will likely be significant expansions of commercial fishing, shipping and exploitation of fossil fuel and mineral resources, particularly in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). At present, our ability to fully understand the impacts of these changes and predict their future trajectory is limited by a poor understanding of the interacting chemical, physical and biological processes which shape the functional characteristics and resiliency of Arctic waters.

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WHOI scientists study climate change affect on coral

WOODS HOLE – The lowering of the ocean’s pH is making it harder for corals to grow their skeletons and easier for bioeroding organisms to tear them down. Erosion rates increase tenfold in areas where corals are also exposed to high levels of nutrients, according to a study published January 2015 in the journal Geology. As sea level rises, these reefs may have a harder time growing toward the ocean surface, where they get sunlight they need to survive.

The study, led by scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, highlights the multiple threats to coral reef ecosystems, which provide critical buffers to shoreline erosion, sustain fisheries that feed hundreds of millions of people, and harbor 25 percent of all marine species. And it points to a key management strategy that could slow reef decline: reducing the input of nutrient pollution to the coastal ocean from human activity such as runoff from sewers, septic tanks, roads, and fertilizers.

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Hidden battles on reefs – how will corals fare in a changing ocean?

Photo by Tom DeCarlo, WHOI

Photo by Tom DeCarlo, WHOI

How do you drown a coral reef? The very idea seems unfathomable for animals that spend their entire lives under water. But the deep ocean is actually riddled with ‘drowned’ coral reefs—the remains of ancient reefs that slipped into the dark ocean depths and starved without sunlight.

To stay afloat in the ocean, people work hard to keep their heads just above water. Corals do the opposite, striving to stay just under the surface of the ocean. Coral reefs need to get it just right—submerged in the sea, but shallow enough for the corals’ symbiotic photosynthetic algae to soak up sunlight. Too deep and the ecosystem wastes away without solar energy to make food. Too shallow and corals dry out at low tide.

This delicate balance is achieved by a constant tug-of-war, which most people overlook. Day in and day out, as corals build their skeletons up toward the sea surface, other organisms are eroding and dissolving the skeletons to build their own homes, cutting down the corals’ hard work.

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OA-ICC December calendar: 22/12- “OA down under”

Count down the days until 2015 together with the OA-ICC! Each day of December you will find a short story on the OA-ICC news stream highlighting an ocean acidification project, effort, or resource.

Discover today’s story below: “OA down under”!

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OA-ICC December calendar: 16/12- “A MAP to OA in the Arctic!”

Count down the days until 2015 together with the OA-ICC! Each day of December you will find a short story on the OA-ICC news stream highlighting an ocean acidification project, effort, or resource.

Discover today’s story below: “A MAP to OA in the Arctic!”

Continue reading ‘OA-ICC December calendar: 16/12- “A MAP to OA in the Arctic!”’

OA-ICC December calendar: 9/12 – “ O & A were sitting in a tree…”

Count down the days until 2015 together with the OA-ICC! Each day of December you will find a short story on the OA-ICC news stream highlighting an ocean acidification project, effort, or resource.

Discover the first one below: “O & A were sitting in a tree…”

Continue reading ‘OA-ICC December calendar: 9/12 – “ O & A were sitting in a tree…”’

OA-ICC December calendar: 8/12 – “Born in the USA”

Count down the days until 2015 together with the OA-ICC! Each day of December you will find a short story on the OA-ICC news stream highlighting an ocean acidification project, effort, or resource.

Discover today’s story below, “Born in the USA”.

Continue reading ‘OA-ICC December calendar: 8/12 – “Born in the USA”’

Ocean acidification at Point Reyes National Seashore (video)


Ocean acidification is rapidly changing the chemistry of ocean water worldwide and making it more difficult for many organisms to build their shells and skeletons. This video explores how park staff at Point Reyes National Seashore are working with local scientists to better understand the effects of ocean acidification, specifically on shellfish and other marine organisms.

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Ocean acidification

The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere which results in seawater becoming more acidic (lower pH). This increase in ocean acidity makes it difficult for some calcifying organisms (e.g. calcareous plankton, oysters, clams, corals, etc.) to make or maintain their shells or exoskelatons. Other important physiological processes of marine organisms can be disrupted by increased acidity as well. Many of the potentially impacted ocean plants and animals are important in marine food webs or are important commercial species.

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Helmholtz – Young investigator groups

closing date 30th March 2012

The GEOMAR | Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel is a German “foundation under public law”, financed by both the Federal Republic of Germany and the State Schleswig-Holstein. GEOMAR is one of the leading international organisations in the field of marine sciences, with a current annual budget of about € 60 million and about 750 employees.

GEOMAR is calling for applications to establish Helmholtz – Young Investigator Groups in the following research area:

1. Molecular Microbiology
    Research Division 2 – Marine Biogeochemistry. Contact: Prof. Ulf Riebesell

The candidate shall apply innovative molecular tools ((meta)transcriptomics, proteomics) to investigate microbial responses to ocean change (e.g. ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation) in the context of marine biogeochemistry (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus cycling). He/She should be prepared to develop novel strategies to bridge the gap between gene expression and metabolic activity of marine microbes, and present ideas on how molecular approaches can be used to help predicting ecosystem responses. We particularly welcome proposals addressing one of the following topics: expression of functional genes for the production or decomposition of organic matter, development of targeted molecular probes for genes of metabolic function, or interactions between microbial metabolic diversity and environmental variability.

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EU support for mesocosm studies in 2012

The EU-supported MESOAQUA project has funding available for international involvement in mesocosm studies in 2012, either for participation in experiments already planned by others, or for development of new activities.   EU funding will cover researchers’ travel and accommodation,  technological support and some consumables. Either individuals or groups can apply. The deadline is 30 September 2011 and additional information is available at http://mesoaqua.eu
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Dr. Elizabeth Jewett selected to lead NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program

Dr. Elizabeth (Libby) Jewett, a NOAA scientist with diverse science and management experience in ocean acidification and coastal hypoxia (low oxygen) research programs, will be the first director of NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program.

Established by Congress in 2009, the Ocean Acidification Program will plan and oversee a long-term coastal and open ocean monitoring program, lead research on the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and the socioeconomic implications of these impacts. It will also provide educational opportunities to learn about this threat through national public outreach and coordinate activities with other agencies, nongovernmental groups and the international community.        

Ocean acidification is a change in the chemistry of the ocean that results in seawater becoming more acidic because the ocean is absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This increase in ocean acidity makes it difficult for many ocean plants and animals to make or maintain their shells or skeletons. According to NOAA’s Ocean and Great Lakes Acidification Research Plan, a more acidic ocean has the potential to seriously threaten the health of the world’s oceans and the significant economic benefit they provide to humans.

Jewett has led the nation‘s only two national hypoxia research funding programs as Hypoxia Research Program manager at the Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research in NOAA’s National Ocean Service. In this role, she has strived to make the funded science relevant to the management of coastal ecosystems, especially in the Chesapeake Bay and northern Gulf of Mexico. At the same time, she has taken leadership roles in NOAA-wide and interagency organizations focused on ocean acidification and its effect on ecosystems.

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CIOCS Initiatives: Ocean acidification scientific advisory committee

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions contribute to destabilizing ocean chemistry with potentially devastating consequences for human and national security. Ocean acidity has increased by almost 30 percent in the past few decades. Most probably, further significant rise in acidity will continue even if emissions stopped immediately. In its 2007 4th Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests “the conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems will be reached in a few decades.” For example, if emissions continue unabated, 10 percent of the Arctic Ocean could cross the threshold by 2018, and 50 percent by 2050. These changes in ocean chemistry threaten the marine food chain from plankton and shellfish to herring and salmon. More species will be affected as acidification eventually spreads globally.

Food security and economic prosperity are intricately dependent on the ocean’s capacity to support fisheries and aquaculture. Overfishing already threatens fish stocks and coral reefs are bleaching at an unprecedented rate. The social and security impact will undoubtedly be global and in some geographies ecosystem degradation could become irreversible.
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NSF grants will fund studies of ocean acidification

SAN DIEGO — With increasing levels of carbon dioxide accumulating in the atmosphere and moving into marine systems, the world’s oceans are becoming more acidic.

To address the growing concern of acidifying marine ecosystems, the National Science Foundation has awarded 21 grants, including awards to scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego, under the Ocean Acidification theme of NSF’s Climate Research Investment. The projects will foster research on the nature, extent and effects of ocean acidification on marine environments and organisms in the past, present and future — from tropical systems to icy seas.

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Important on-line survey on Ocean Acidification: please take part!

We are asking you to take part in an on-line survey and asking you to get as many of your colleagues to do likewise. This survey has been devised to support efforts underway led by a group of donors on behalf of the Consultative Group on Biological Diversity to determine message and communications strategies on ocean acidification, as well as to support the upcoming meeting of the Reference Users Group (RUG). The results from this survey will help inform our thinking on the Ocean Acidification Action Plan which is one of the main deliverable from the RUG meeting.

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NSF funding: Ocean acidification

SYNOPSIS

Since the publication of The Royal Society’s report Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (June 2005, www.royalsoc.ac.uk), there has been growing concern for the potential adverse impacts of a slowly acidifying sea upon marine ecosystems. In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, this announcement has the following broad goals:

  • To understand the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification and, in particular, its interplay with fundamental biochemical and physiological processes of organisms;
  • To understand how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level, and how such interactions impact the structure and function of ecosystems, e.g. through life histories, food webs, biogeochemical cycling, and other interactions;
  • To understand how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.

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