Aquaculture sustainability is affected by climate change which regulated livelihood, nutrition and world food security. The most important contributor to climate change is documented by a human due to deforestation and industries that release GHGs (greenhouse gases) accumulated in the surrounding environment such as methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases and carbon dioxide. Climate change affected fisheries adversely but it is overshadowing the positive one. The effects of climate change on fishes can be directed by water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolve oxygen, pH (acidification) etc. which affected fish physiology and behavioural changes through metabolic adaptation. Due to the changes in climate fishes are adapting to a novel environment like high temperatures (higher to lower latitude or lower to higher latitude), a hypoxic condition due to evolutionary effect and adapting to low pH which is caused by high carbon dioxide released in the environment by human activities. This chapter mainly focuses on how fishes are adapting to the novel climatic condition such as a high or low temperature, hypoxic conditions and low pH through the metabolic activity through enzymatic action (fish physiology) and morphological changes like gill structure to cope with low oxygen and acidification of natural water body.
Kumar S., Dubey M. & Kumar A., 2022. Metabolic adaptation of fishes under different consequences of climate change. In: Sinha A., Kumar S. & Kumari K. (Eds.), Outlook of climate change and fish nutrition, pp. 121-132. Springer: Singapore. Chapter (restricted access).
