Commercial bivalve systems underpin coastal economies, food provision, and livelihoods, yet evidence on how environmental exposures translate into socio-economic vulnerability remains fragmented. This systematic map aimed to characterise the peer-reviewed evidence base on the socio-economic outcomes of environmental exposures in commercial bivalve systems. Following Collaboration for Environmental Evidence guidelines and ROSES reporting standards, searches were conducted in Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, supported by citation chasing and organisational website searches. While initial screening sought out grey literature, only peer-reviewed articles met our empirical inclusion thresholds upon full-text review. Eligible studies were published in English from 2005 onwards and examined commercial bivalve systems, at least one environmental exposure, and at least one stakeholder-relevant socio-economic outcome. Included studies were coded for geography, bivalve type, system type, stakeholder group, exposure, outcome, and mitigation or adaptation response. Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The evidence base was geographically concentrated, with the United States contributing the largest share of studies. Clams, mussels, and oysters were the most frequently represented bivalve groups. Temperature and ocean acidification were the dominant exposures, followed by storms, heatwaves, and pollution runoff. Revenue, cost, and yield or production were the most frequently reported socio-economic outcomes across stakeholder groups and exposure types, whereas labour, food security, health, and social outcomes were less commonly examined. Regulation, scenario planning, forecasting, and sustainable farming were the most frequently documented responses. Overall, the evidence base is strongest in documenting economic and production-related vulnerability to major climate stressors, but remains weaker on slower-onset exposures, broader wellbeing dimensions, underrepresented stakeholders, and diverse adaptation pathways.
Mohd Noor M. I., Azra M. N., Mustafa A. M. A. A., Halim Z., Muhammad Farouk H., Ghaffar M. A., & Lah R. A., in press. A systematic map of environmental and socio-economic effects in commercial bivalve production. Environmental Research Communications. Article.
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