This chapter reviews the literature on the impacts of elevated CO2 and acidification conditions on algal growth rates and toxin productivity. It then investigates why increases in CO2 and decreases in pH cause different outcomes in different phytoplankton species. The chapter concludes by discussing the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on HABs and toxin production.
Lin S., 2025. Chapter 6 – Effects of ocean acidification and molecular mechanisms. In: Lin S., Harmful algal blooms: environmental factors and molecular mechanisms, pp 103-124. Elsevier: Academic Press. Chapter (restricted access).
