Ocean acidification, primarily driven by increased atmospheric CO₂, poses significant environmental and socioeconomic threats, particularly in vulnerable regions like the Gulf of Guinea. This study analyses historical pH trends, spatial variations, and projected acidification scenarios using data from CMIP6 models and NOAA observational records, focusing on the Gulf of Guinea’s unique ecological and economic challenges. Findings indicate a steady decline in pH from 8.20 to 8.08 between 1750 and 2010, with pronounced deviations linked to industrial activities and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Seasonal fluctuations and upwelling events exacerbate acidification in this high-productivity region, intensifying the vulnerability of marine biodiversity and fisheries. Projections for 2050–2100 under SSP2 4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios reveal further pH declines, with potential hotspots emerging in coastal areas. These changes threaten critical ecosystems, such as shellfish habitats, and threaten food security and economic stability for communities dependent on marine resources. The study underscores the necessity of regional monitoring programs, international collaboration, and mitigation strategies, including carbon emission reductions, ecosystem-based adaptation, and sustainable aquaculture practices. This research highlights the Gulf of Guinea’s heightened sensitivity to acidification due to its unique biogeochemical processes and socioeconomic dependencies. It advocates for integrating science, policy, and local initiatives to address these challenges. Targeted interventions, such as mangrove restoration and regional partnerships, can strengthen resilience and provide valuable insights for global ocean acidification management efforts.
Okafor G. C., 2025. Temporal trends of ocean acidification in the Gulf of Guinea and the potential impact on socio economic development. International Journal of Maritime and Interdisciplinary Research 7(3): 258-276. Article.
