Ocean acidification is an extremely serious problem that is already having measurable impacts on marine life. At least for the rest of this century, the problem will undoubtedly get worse. The principal marine groups affected by acidification include invertebrates that make hard parts from calcium carbonate and fish. Studies of these problems have begun in recent years, but a great deal of more research needs to be done, as ocean acidification will not go away in the foreseeable future.
Elias S. A., in press. Increased acidity of ocean waters. In Elias S. A. (Ed.), Reference Module: Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Book chapter (subscription required).
